DEBT COLLECTION

What should I do when a debt collector contacts me?

Reviewed by Main AI · Updated July 2026

SHORT ANSWER

Dispute the debt in writing within 30 days of receiving the collector’s validation notice. For collectors covered by the FDCPA, that pauses collection until they send verification.

The law: For debt collectors covered by the federal FDCPA, the validation notice must tell you that you have 30 days after receiving it to dispute the debt, and a written dispute in that window pauses collection until the collector mails you verification — 15 U.S.C. § 1692g(a)–(b).

The most powerful consumer tool in collections is the validation request. Under the FDCPA, if you dispute the debt in writing within 30 days of receiving the collector’s validation notice, they must stop collecting until they mail you verification. Many can’t — debts get sold repeatedly and records go missing. Critically, do not acknowledge the debt or make a partial payment before validating: in some states that can restart the statute of limitations and revive a debt that was time-barred.

What the statutes say

These are verified from primary sources. The exact number for your state may differ — see the state law library.

15 U.S.C. § 1692g(a)–(b) · US
The validation notice must tell you that you have 30 days after receiving it to dispute the debt; a written dispute in that window pauses collection until the collector mails verification.

What to do, in order

  1. Do not confirm the debt is yours or agree to pay on the first call.
  2. Send a written validation request within 30 days of receiving the validation notice.
  3. Check your state’s statute of limitations — time-barred debt changes everything.
  4. Keep a log of every contact; FDCPA violations can carry damages and fees.
  5. Never pay or acknowledge until the debt is validated in writing.

Common questions

What is a debt validation letter?

A written request, sent within 30 days of receiving a collector’s validation notice, requiring them to prove the debt is valid and yours. Collection must pause until they send verification.

Can paying a small amount hurt me?

Yes. In some states, any payment or written acknowledgment can restart the statute of limitations, reviving a debt that had become time-barred. Validate before paying anything.

What is the statute of limitations on debt?

It varies by state and debt type, commonly 3–6 years. Once it passes, the debt is time-barred and generally cannot be enforced in court — though collectors may still try.

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Main AI explains documents and general legal rights in clear terms. It is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice. Laws vary by state and change over time — verify specifics for your jurisdiction, and consult a licensed professional for advice on your situation.