Answers / Debt collection
DEBT COLLECTION

What should I do when a debt collector contacts me?

SHORT ANSWER

Send a written debt-validation request within 30 days of first contact. This legally pauses collection until the collector proves you owe the debt.

The most powerful consumer tool in collections is the validation request. Under the FDCPA, if you dispute the debt in writing within 30 days of the collector’s first contact, they must stop collecting until they mail you verification. Many can’t — debts get sold repeatedly and records go missing. Critically, do not acknowledge the debt or make a partial payment before validating: in some states that can restart the statute of limitations and revive a debt that was time-barred.

What the statutes say

These are verified from primary sources. The exact number for your state may differ — see the state law library.

Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1692 · US
Restricts third-party debt collector practices: no calls before 8am or after 9pm; no harassment; written validation notice.
15 U.S.C. § 1692k · US
A debt collector who violates the FDCPA is liable for the consumer's actual damages, statutory damages up to $1,000, and reasonable attorney fees and costs. The consumer need not prove actual damages to recover the statutory amount. Action must be brought with…

What to do, in order

  1. Do not confirm the debt is yours or agree to pay on the first call.
  2. Send a written validation request within 30 days of first contact.
  3. Check your state’s statute of limitations — time-barred debt changes everything.
  4. Keep a log of every contact; FDCPA violations are worth $1,000 plus fees.
  5. Never pay or acknowledge until the debt is validated in writing.

Common questions

What is a debt validation letter?

A written request, sent within 30 days of a collector’s first contact, requiring them to prove the debt is valid and yours. Collection must pause until they respond.

Can paying a small amount hurt me?

Yes. In some states, any payment or written acknowledgment can restart the statute of limitations, reviving a debt that had become time-barred. Validate before paying anything.

What is the statute of limitations on debt?

It varies by state and debt type, commonly 3–6 years. Once it passes, the debt is time-barred and cannot be enforced in court — though collectors may still try.

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Main AI explains documents and general legal rights in clear terms. It is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice. Laws vary by state and change over time — verify specifics for your jurisdiction, and consult a licensed professional for advice on your situation.