Answers / Student loans
STUDENT LOANS

What happens if I default on a federal student loan?

SHORT ANSWER

Default (typically 270 days behind) triggers the full balance due, wage garnishment WITHOUT a court order, tax refund seizure, and credit damage. But federal loans have real exits: rehabilitation and consolidation.

Federal student loan default is uniquely serious because the government collects without suing: administrative wage garnishment, tax refund offsets, even Social Security offsets — no court judgment needed, powers no private lender has. Default also accelerates the full balance and adds collection costs. But federal loans also offer exits private ones don’t. Rehabilitation: nine agreed, income-based payments returns the loan to good standing and removes the default from your credit report. Consolidation: faster, rolling the defaulted loan into a new one, though the default notation stays. Before either, income-driven repayment might have prevented default entirely — and can keep you out after you’re back.

What to do, in order

  1. Confirm default status and who’s servicing the debt now.
  2. Compare exits: rehabilitation (credit repair, slower) vs consolidation (faster).
  3. Start rehabilitation: nine income-based payments to restore standing.
  4. Then enroll in income-driven repayment to stay current.
  5. Act before garnishment or offset season — exits work best early.

Common questions

Can they garnish my wages for student loans without suing me?

For federal loans, yes — administrative wage garnishment requires no court judgment. Private lenders must sue and win first.

Does loan rehabilitation fix my credit?

Rehabilitation removes the default notation from your credit report — one of its main advantages over consolidation, which resolves the default but leaves the record.

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Main AI explains documents and general legal rights in clear terms. It is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice. Laws vary by state and change over time — verify specifics for your jurisdiction, and consult a licensed professional for advice on your situation.